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- Essay Name : 1469.txt
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- Language : english
- Subject : Health
- Title : AIDS
- Grade : 12
- School System : high school
- Country : USA
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- Teacher Comments :
- Date :
- Site found at : web browsing
- --------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster?
-
-
- PREFACE
-
- In an extensive article in the Summer-Autumn 1990 issue of "Top Secret", Prof
- J. Segal and Dr. L. Segal outline their theory that AIDS is a man-made disease,
- originating at Pentagon bacteriological warfare labs at Fort Detrick, Maryland.
- "Top Secret" is the international edition of the German magazine Geheim and is
- considered by many to be a sister publication to the American Covert Action
- Information Bulletin (CAIB). In fact, Top Secret carries the Naming Names
- column, which CAIB is prevented from doing by the American government, and
- which names CIA agents in different locations in the world. The article, named
- "AIDS: US-Made Monster" and subtitled "AIDS - its Nature and its Origins," is
- lengthy, has a lot of professional terminology and is dotted with footnotes.
-
- AIDS FACTS
- "The fatal weakening of the immune system which has given AIDS its name
- (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome)," write the Segals, "has been traced back
- to a destruction or a functional failure of the T4-lymphocytes, also called
- 'helper cells`, which play a regulatory role in the production of antibodies in
- the immune system." In the course of the illness, the number of functional T4-
- cells is reduced greatly so that new anti-bodies cannot be produced and the
- defenceless patient remains exposed to a range of infections that under other
- circumstances would have been harmless. Most AIDS patients die from
- opportunistic infections rather than from the AIDS virus itself.
- The initial infection is characterized by diarrhea, erysipelas and intermittent
- fever. An apparent recovery follows after 2-3 weeks, and in many cases the
- patient remains without symptoms and functions normally for years. Occasionally
- a swelling of the lymph glands, which does not affect the patient's well-being,
- can be observed.
- After several years, the pre-AIDS stage, known as ARC (Aids- Related Complex)
- sets in. This stage includes disorders in the digestive tract, kidneys and
- lungs. In most cases it develops into full-blown AIDS in about a year, at which
- point opportunistic illnesses occur. Parallel to this syndrome, disorders in
- various organ systems occur, the most severe in the brain, the symptoms of
- which range from motoric disorders to severe dementia and death.
- This set of symptoms, say the Segals, is identical in every detail with the
- Visna sickness which occurs in sheep, mainly in Iceland. (Visna means tiredness
- in Icelandic). However, the visna virus is not pathogenic for human beings.
- The Segals note that despite the fact that AIDS is transmitted only through
- sexual intercourse, blood transfusions and non- sterile hypodermic needles, the
- infection has spread dramatically. During the first few years after its
- discovery, the number of AIDS patients doubled every six months, and is still
- doubling every 12 months now though numerous measures have been taken against
- it. Based on these figures, it is estimated that in the US, which had 120,000
- cases of AIDS at the end of 1988, 900,000 people will have AIDS or will have
- died of it by the end of 1991. It is also estimated that the number of people
- infected is at least ten times the number of those suffering from an acute case
- of AIDS. That in the year 1995 there will be between 10-14 million cases of
- AIDS and an additional 100 million people infected, 80 percent of them in the
- US, while a possible vaccination will not be available before 1995 by the most
- optimistic estimates. Even when such vaccination becomes available, it will not
- help those already infected. These and following figures have been reached at
- by several different mainstream sources, such as the US Surgeon General and the
- Chief of the medical services of the US Army.
- "AIDS does not merely bring certain dangers with it; it is
- clearly a programmed catastrophe for the human race, whose magnitude is
- comparable only with that of a nuclear war", say the Segals.
- " They later explain what they mean by "programmed," showing that the virus was
- produced by humans, namely Dr. Robert Gallo of the Bethesda Cancer Research Center in
- Maryland. When proceeding to prove their claims, the Segals are careful to note that:
- "We have given preference to the investigative results of highly renowned laboratories,
- whose objective contents cannot be doubted. We must emphasize, in this
- connection, that we do not know of any findings that have been published in
- professional journals that contradict our hypotheses."
-
- DISCOVERING AIDS
- The first KNOWN cases of AIDS occurred in New York in 1979. The first
- DESCRIBED cases were in California in 1979. The virus was isolated in Paris in
- May 1983, taken from a French homosexual who had returned home ill from a trip
- to the East Coast of the US. One year later, Robert Gallo and his co-workers at
- the Bethesda Cancer Research Center published their discovery of the same
- virus, which is cytotoxic. ( i.e poisonous to cells )
- Shortly after publishing his discovery, Gallo stated to newspapers that the
- virus had developed by a natural process from the Human Adult Leukemia virus,
- HTLV-1, which he had previously discovered. However, this claim was not
- published in professional publications, and soon after, Alizon and Montagnier,
- two researchers of the Pasteur Institute in Paris published charts of HTLV-1
- and HIV, showing that the viruses had basically different structures. They also
- declared categorically that they knew of no natural process by which one of
- these two forms could have evolved into the other.
- According to the professional "science" magazine, the fall 1984 annual meeting
- of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), was almost
- entirely devoted to the question of: to what extent new pathogenic agents could
- be produced via human manipulation of genes. According to the Segals, AIDS was
- practically the sole topic of discussion.
-
- THE AIDS VIRUS
- The Segals discuss the findings of Gonda et al, who compared the HIV, visna
- and other closely-related viruses and found that the visna virus is the most
- similar to HIV. The two were, in fact, 60% identical in 1986. According to
- findings of the Hahn group, the mutation rate of the HIV virus was about a
- million times higher than that of similar viruses, and that on the average a
- 10% alteration took place every two years. That would mean that in 1984, the
- difference between HIV and visna would have been only 30%, in 1982- 20%, 10% in
- 1980 and zero in 1978. "This means," say the Segals, "that at this time visna
- viruses changed into HIV, receiving at the same time the ability to become
- parasites in human T4-cells and the high genetic instability that is not known
- in other retroviruses. This is also consistent with the fact that the first
- cases of AIDS appeared about one year later, in the spring of 1979."
- "In his comparison of the genomes of visna and HIV," add the Segals, "Coffin
- hit upon a remarkable feature. The env (envelope) area of the HIV genome, which
- encodes the envelope proteins which help the virus to attach itself to the host
- cell, is about 300 nucleotides longer than the same area in visna. This
- behaviour suggests that an additional piece has been inserted into the genomes
- of the visna virus, a piece that alters the envelope proteins and enables them
- to bind themselves to the T4-receptors. BUT THIS SECTION BEHAVES LIKE A
- BIOLOGICALLY ALIEN BODY, which does not match the rest of the system
- biochemically.
-
- The above mentioned work by Gonda et al shows that the HIV virus has a section
- of about 300 nucleotides, which does not exist in the visna virus. That length
- corresponds with what Coffin described. That section is particularly unstable,
- which indicates that it is an alien object. According to the Segals, it
- "originates in an HTLV-1 genome, (discovered by Gallo-ED) for the likelihood of
- an accidental occurrence in HIV of a genome sequence 60% identical with a
- section of the HTLV-1 that is 300 nucleotides in length is zero." Since the
- visna virus is incapable of attaching itself to human T4 receptors, it must
- have been the transfer of the HTLV-1 genome section which gave visna the
- capability to do so. In other words, the addition of HTLV-1 to visna made the
- HIV virus. In addition, the high mutation rate of the HIV genome has been
- explained by another scientific team, Chandra et al, by the fact that it is "a
- combination of two genome parts which are alien to each other BY ARTIFICIAL
- MEANS rather than by a natural process of evolution, because this process would
- have immediately eliminated, through natural selection, systems that are so
- replete with disorders."
- "These are the facts of the case," say the Segals. "HIV is essentially a visna
- virus which carries an additional protein monomer of HTLV-1 that has an epitope
- capable of bonding with T4 receptors. Neither Alizon and Montagnier nor any
- other biologist know of any natural mechanism that would make it possible for
- the epitope to be transferred from HTLV-1 to the visna virus. For this reason
- we can come to only one conclusion: that this gene combination arose by
- artificial means, through gene manipulation."
-
- THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIV
- "The construction of a recombinant virus by means of gene manipulation is
- extraordinarily expensive, and it requires a large number of highly qualified
- personnel, complicated equipment and expensive high security laboratories.
- Moreover, the product would have no commercial value. Who, then," ask the
- Segals, "would have provided the resources for a type of research that was
- aimed solely at the production of a new disease that would be deadly to human
- beings?"
- The English sociologist Allistair Hay (as well as Paxman et al in "A Higher
- Form of Killing"-ED), published a document whose authenticity has been
- confirmed by the US Congress, showing that a representative of the Pentagon
- requested in 1969 additional funding for biological warfare research. The
- intention was to create, within the next ten years, a new virus that would
- not be susceptible to the immune system, so that the afflicted patient would
- not be able to develop any defense against it. Ten years later, in the spring
- of 1979, the first cases of AIDS appeared in New York.
- "Thus began a phase of frantic experimentation," say the Segals.
- One group was working on trying to cause animal pathogens to adapt themselves
- to life in human beings. This was done under the cover of searching for a cure
- for cancer. The race was won by Gallo, who described his findings in 1975. A
- year later, Gallo described gene manipulations he was conducting. In 1980 he
- published his discovery of HTLV.
- In the fall of 1977, a P4 (highest security category of laboratory, in which
- human pathogens are subjected to genetic manipulations) laboratory was
- officially opened in building 550 of Fort Detrick, MD, the Pentagon's main
- biological warfare research center. "In an article in 'Der Spiegel`, Prof.
- Mollings point out that this type of gene manipulation was still extremely
- difficult in 1977. One would have had to have a genius as great as Robert Gallo
- for this purpose, note the Segals."
- Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
- the research, production and storage of biological weapons, part of Fort
- Detrick was "demilitarized" and the virus section renamed the "Frederick
- Cancer Research Facility". It was put under the direction of the Cancer
- Research Institute in neighbouring Bethesda, whose director was no other than
- Robert Gallo. This happened in 1975, the year Gallo discovered HTLV.
- Explaining how the virus escaped, the Segals note that in the US, biological
- agents are traditionally tested on prisoners who are incarcerated for long
- periods, and who are promised freedom if they survive the test. However, the
- initial HIV infection symptoms are mild and followed by a seemingly healthy
- patient.
- "Those who conducted the research must have concluded that the new virus
- was...not so virulent that it could be considered for military use, and the
- test patients, who had seemingly recovered, were given their freedom. Most of
- the patients were professional criminals and New York City, which is
- relatively close, offered them a suitable milieu. Moreover, the patients were
- exclusively men, many of them having a history of homosexuality and drug abuse,
- as is often the case in American prisons.
- It is understandable why AIDS broke out precisely in 1979, precisely among men
- and among drug users, and precisely in New York City," assert the Segals. They
- go on to explain that whereas in cases of infection by means of sexual contact,
- incubation periods are two years and more, while in cases of massive infection
- via blood transfusions, as must have been the case with prisoners, incubation
- periods are shorter than a year. "Thus, if the new virus was ready at the
- beginning of 1978 and if the experiments began without too much delay, then
- the first cases of full-blown AIDS in 1979 were exactly the resultthat
- could have been expected."
- In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
- "legends" as they call them, of the origins of AIDS. Dissecting each claim,
- they show that they have no scientific standing, providing also the findings
- of other scientists. They also bring up the arguments of scientists and
- popular writers who have been at the task of discounting them as "conspiracy
- theorists" and show these writers' shortcomings. Interested readers will have
- to read the original article to follow those debates. I will only quote two
- more paragraphs:
- "We often heard the argument that experiments with human volunteers are part of
- a barbaric past, and that they would be impossible in the US today... We wish
- to present one single document whose authenticity is beyond doubt. An
- investigative commission of the US House of Representatives presented in
- October 1986 a final report concerning the Manhattan Project. According to this
- document, between 1945 and 1975 at least 695 American citizens were exposed
- to dangerous doses of radioactivity. Some of them were prisoners who had
- volunteered, but they also included residents of old-age homes, inmates of
- insane asylums, handicapped people in nursing homes, and even normal patients
- in public hospitals; most of them were subjected to these experiments without
- their permission. Thus the 'barbaric past` is not really a thing of the past."
- "It is remarkable that most of these experiments were carried out in university
- institutes and federal hospitals, all of which are named in the report.
- Nonetheless, these facts remained secret until 1984, and even then a
- Congressional committee that was equipped with all the necessary
- authorization needed two years in order to bring these facts to life. We are
- often asked how the work on the AIDS virus could have been kept secret. Now,
- experiments performed on a few dozen prisoners in a laboratory that is
- subject to military security can be far more easily kept secret than could
- be the Manhattan Project."
- --------------------------------------------------------------
-